![]() ![]() Providing guidance and support to breastfeeding mothers to optimize feeding practices, which can help with bilirubin elimination. Collaborating with pediatricians and specialists to ensure comprehensive care and appropriate management of hyperbilirubinemia. Coordinating with pediatric specialists.Assessing liver function to determine if there are any underlying liver disorders contributing to hyperbilirubinemia. Educating parents about the causes, management, and signs of worsening hyperbilirubinemia, as well as the importance of follow-up care. Conducting a thorough neonatal assessment to evaluate the overall health and identify any additional concerns associated with hyperbilirubinemia. Considering blood transfusion in severe cases of hyperbilirubinemia to remove excess bilirubin and provide additional red blood cells. ![]() Initiating and managing phototherapy to help break down bilirubin and reduce its levels in the blood. Investigating and identifying the underlying cause of hyperbilirubinemia to guide treatment decisions. Regularly monitoring the bilirubin levels in the patient’s blood to assess the severity of hyperbilirubinemia. The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice): The nursing care plan for clients with hyperbilirubinemia involves preventing injury/progression of the condition, providing support/appropriate information to family, maintaining physiological homeostasis with bilirubin levels declining, and preventing complications. Monitoring Results of Diagnostic and Laboratory Procedures Administer Medications and Provide Pharmacologic Support Promoting Safety and Preventing Injuries and Complications Initiating Patient Education and Health Teachings In both instances, because the fetus has a different blood type than the mother, the mother builds antibodies against the fetal red blood cells, leading to hemolysis of the cells, severe anemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Because the prevention of Rh antibody formation has been available for almost 50 years, the disorder is now most often caused by an ABO incompatibility. In the past, hemolytic disease of the newborn was most often caused by an Rh blood type incompatibility. Breast milk jaundice occurs in breastfed newborns between the first and third day of life but peaks by day 5 to 15, with a decline occurring by the third week of life (Morrison, 2021). Pathological jaundice is defined as the appearance of jaundice in the first 24 hours of life due to an increase in serum bilirubin levels greater than 5 mg/dl/day, conjugated bilirubin levels ≥ 20% of total serum bilirubin, peak levels higher than the normal range, and the presence of clinical jaundice greater than two weeks. This unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia presents in newborns after 24 hours of life and can last up to the first week. Physiological jaundice is the most common type of newborn hyperbilirubinemia. ![]() It lasts longer, which predisposes the infant to hyperbilirubinemia or excessive bilirubin levels in the blood. ![]() The normal rise in bilirubin levels in preterm infants is slower than in full-term infants. Physiological jaundice is normal, while pathological jaundice is more serious, which occurs within 24 hours of birth, and is secondary to an abnormal condition, such ABO- Rh incompatibility. The higher the blood bilirubin level is, the deeper jaundice and the greater risk for neurological damage. The liver cannot clear the blood of bile pigments that result from the normal postnatal destruction of red blood cells. The newborn‘s liver is immature, which contributes to icterus, or jaundice. The condition may be benign or place the neonate at risk for multiple complications/untoward effects. Hyperbilirubinemia is the elevation of serum bilirubin levels that is related to the hemolysis of RBCs and subsequent reabsorption of unconjugated bilirubin from the small intestines. ![]()
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